Measuring instrument for determining angles and the like



Aug. 10, 1943. B. v. BEATTY MEASURING INSTRUMENT FOR DETERMINING ANGLES AND THE LIKE Filed Nov. 10, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 M? W e 3 R5 W. 4m N O E.6 "H I a A L0 p in 2a 5 I m r I'lllll 1943- E. v. BEATTY 2,326,518

MEASURING INSTRUMENT FOR DETERMINING ANGLES AND THE LIKE Filed NOV. 10, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR 52710:? ZZZ/7% ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 10, 1943' a MEASURING'INSTRUMENT'FGR'DETERMIN- I ma Assess ANDTHE-HKE Bennie V. Beatty, Uniontown, Pa., a ssignor of.

three-eighths to R. E. Day and three-eighths to Charles B. Harter, both off lulsa, Okla. V Application November 10, 19M; sesame, 418,448

' c arms. ,cpl. e'a-igot) This invention relates to a measuring instrument for determining angles, degrees of inclination, roof pitches, and the like, and has for its principal objects to provide a device of this character that is of simple construction, reliable in operation, and which may permit of closer tolerances when ascertaining measurements thereby.

Other objects of the invention'are to provide an angle measuring instrument giving direct readings on both sides of a zero point of the dial thereof; to provide for interchange of dials so as to adapt the instrument to different types of work; to provide an' instrument wherein the work? ing' parts are enclosed in a moisture-proof and air-tight casing; to provide an instrumentadapted for attachment to the blade of a standard cen- Fig; 9 is aview of the instrument as applied to a line for determining slope between] spaced Referring more indetail to the drawings:

ldesignates an angle measuring instrument embodying the features of the presentinventicn and which-includes a casing 2 having a circumfe'rential wall 3 including a cylindrical portion 4 I V and a smaller but coaxialfconical or tapered portion 5 connected byan offset 6 to form an ann ul'ar' recess -and a seatarranged'in a plane tr ans'verselypf the axis of the casing, The side tering square or similar device; to provide the instrument with a movable dial actuated by means of a pendulum; to-provide an instrument which, I when applied to a centeringsqu'are, may be used as a protractor; and to provide the instrument with means for attachment to a line for determining angularity between spaced points through which the line is stretched.

In accomplishing these and other objects of the invention, as hereinafter pointed out, I have ro: vided improved details of structure, the preferred forms of which are illustrated in the accompany mg drawings, wherein: Y

Fig. 1 is a perspective view'of a measuring' in strume'nt' constructed in accordance with the present invention and showing itsapplicatienfor determining angles of points oi'rcumferentiall of a pipe or similar cylindricalobjectl Fig; 2 isan enlarged front elevationalview of the instrument, parts heing'broken away and shown in section to better illustrate the construction, the blade of the centering square being shownfragmentarily. F l P:

Fig. 3 is a planviewofthe instrumentv Fig. 4 is a verticalsection through the instrument on the line 4--4 of Fig. 2, the instrument being removed from the blade of the centering square. l

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the dial anoFpendulum assembly.

Fig. 6 is a front elevational View of theinstru- 'ment as used in Fig. 1 but showing the centering head in position for measuring an angle 2 ldegreeg from theh'or'izontal; a

Fig. 7 is a rear View of the instrument applied to a support whereby the instrument is adapted for use we level or elinorneters' Fig, 8 isa'perspeetive viewof "the support showninFig.7.' a

of the casing having the conical portion 5 is closed by a disk-like end wall 8. The opposite side, however, is open toaccommodate a lens 9.

The casing thus forms a compartment 'ijfl for en closing the working parts of the instrument, later described; r

Projecting from the outer face atone diametrical side of the end wall Bis a boss H having a T-shaped slot l2 ex'tendingtherethrough with one longitudinal edge (3 o-f-thehead portion of the slot located in an axial-plane of the casing, the opposite edge It of the slot beingspaced a sufficient distance to accommodatela blade 1510f a centering square [6, later described: Extending laterally of the casing and projecting from the conical wall portion 5 at the point ofthe bos /ll is ,a lug llhaving a threaded bore IS in which is mounted a set-screw I9'for clamping engagement with the side edge of the blade l5 soias to retain the'casing in any adjusted position along the length of the blade, the set-screw?preferably being'provided with a knurled knob 29 by which it maybe readily rotated to and from clamping position;

' Inset within the wall portion 4- and engaging the annularseat I is a spacing ring 21' supporting agasket 22 which seats the rim of the lens 9 and whichcooperates with-a similar gasket ring 23 to seal the rim of the lenswithin the casing and {preventthe entrance of moisture and other elements into the compartment 1!! byway of the open side of the casing. a 'In order that the lens maybe rip'her'y' thereof is provided with a bevel 24 which gasket ring 23', as shown in Fig. l. V The 'gaslget ring 23 isretainedlin sealing engagement-"with the lens by means of a' bezel 26 is engaged by'a corresponding-taper 250i the which is threaded into theopen side of'thecasing :asindic'ated at 2?. The front'or rim of the casing is further provided'with lugs 28 and 28! arranged onopposite di'ametrical sides thereof andjwhich are provided "with openings w and eflzarranged' 1 centered, the-pewith their ass in the axial plane of the casing.

The lugs are further provided with biasly arranged entrance slots 3| and 32 whereby a line may be passed therethrough when the line is in loose condition and retained in the openings 29 and 30 when in taut condition, for a purpose later de scribed.

Formed on the. inner face of the wall 8; axially of the casing, is a boss 33, having a threaded bore 34 to mount the threaded shank 35 of a spindle 36. The spindle'36 has a head 31 to retain the inner races 38 and 39 of antifriction bearings 40 and 4| on the spindle, the inner-races; being spaced by a washer 42 and retained in clamped engagement between the head 31 and a lock washer 43 engaging the face of the boss 33 as portant part of the invention and include lines 54 and 55 which are arranged relatively to the pendulum so that the line 54 is perpendicular and the line 55 horizontal when the pendulum is at rest. The quadrants between the lines are in ,turn divided by lines 58 and 51.

Perpendicular and horizontal lines 58 and 59 also formed on .the lens to indicate fixed quadrants through which the .dial quadrants move when the pendulum' shifts its position as the centering square is moved about a work-piece. in parallel registry blade l5.

The lower quadrants on the dial are provided The line 58extends with one side edge of-the with a series of graduations numbering from the ment is applied to a line or cord 60, later described.

The centersquare illustrated is of standard construction and includes the blade [5 which is slidably mounted in a slot SI of a centering head 58 registers with'the edge of the blade extending through the juncture point of the legs 63 and 64 as shown in Fig. 6.

To find a top center on a pipe, 'as shown in Fig. 1, the thumb screw 65 is loosened so that the end of the blade engages the pipe at a point exactly midway between the ends of the legs which bear on ,the pipe, as shown in Fig. 6. When the line 54 on the scale registers with the perpendicular line 58 a point made on the pipe at the edge of the scale will be upon the exact perpendicular center of the pipe. By moving the device around the pipe to various predetermined points, as indicated by the graduaticns, other points may be located on the pipe in angular relation with the first point, the reading being 'made from the scale on the right or left depending upon which side of the pipe the instrument 62, the centering head having diverging legs 63 a vertical post 61 of a supportingbracket 68 which has a foot portion 69, the sole 'face of which is located at right angles to the post 61,

Jthe instrument being applied to the post similar to its application onthe blade of, the center ng I square as shown in Fig. 7.

In using the instrument in connection with a centering square as shown in Figs. 1 to fiinclusive, the blade of the square is passed through I the T-shaped slot with the edges thereof engaging the ways. The instrument maybe moved to any selected position on the square and adjustably retained upon tightening of the set Iscrew in which position the perpendicular line is moved. In the-position shown in Fig. 6 it will be noted thatthe horizontal center line substantially registers with a 22 degree graduation which indicatesthat the straight edge of the blade is approximately 22 degrees above horizontal center since the 22 degrees mark registers with the horizontal line 51. If the device is moved to the other side of the pipe to a similar position, a similar recording will be noted since the 22 mark graduation of the scale registers with the opposite end of the line 5 1. Thus readings may be obtained on either side of the pipe directly in the number of degrees and no calculations are necessary.

The devicemay be used as a level by apply ing it upon the post 51. When the zero line of the scale registers with the perpendicular line on the lens, the foot is in level position. Any inclination of the foot v(it! will. be indicated through movement of; the pendulum which swings the dial to the number. of degrees which the foot is out of level.

Should it be desired to determine the angle between two spaced points, the instrument may be applied to the line by passing the line through the bias slots so that it entersthe openings 28 and 29. The line is then stretched between the points to be measured, whereupon the pendulum will swing so that the reading Which registers with the perpendicular line on the lens will indicate the angle of the line 'With respect to the horizontal.

i The gremovable dial makesit possible to adapt the instrument :to the use of different tradesmen, as welders or lay-out men require one scale and tinners or carpenters might wanta scale that reads in inches per' foot. A dial graduated in inches per foot may be substituted for the dial illustrated. 7

From the foregoing it is obvious that the instrument is adapted for theme of pipe line weld-v ers in locating the cu't-off-points of a mitered pipe, the location of lateral openings to be formed in a pipe or other vessel, or'the device may be used by steam fitters or the like in determining the angle of a pipe connecting spaced pipes located at difieren't. levels, or the device may be used by a carpenter, tinsmith, or other craftsman in determining the pitch of 'a roof or slope in inches per-foot or other similar related measurements. w

What'I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: 1 I

1. An instrument of the character described includingan open front casing, means onthe back of the casing for slidably mounting the'c'asing on the. blade of a centering. square, and a pendulum actuated scale oscillatably supported in the casing and visible through said open front, said scale having lines extending transversely thereacross and said mounting means being positioned to register an edge of the blade with the versely thereacross and said mounting means be' ing positioned relative to the axis of scale oscillation to register'said lines with an edge of the blade, and a transparent panel closing the open front of the casing and having transverse lines corresponding to the lines on the scale, said panel being positionedin said casing with one of the lines thereon registering with said edge of the blade when the instrument is mounted: on

theblade.

3. An instrument of .thecharacter described including, a casing having a closed back With a marginal flange forming a pendulum and scale compartment, a spindle in the compartment having fixed support on said back, a pendulum oscillatably journalled on said spindle, a circular dial carried with the pendulum with the center thereof in registry With the axis of pendulum oscillation and having radial lines on the face thereof, said marginal flange f the casingihaving an annular recess in concentric relation with the axis of pendulum oscillation, a circular transparent panel having its marginal edge in said recess and having intersecting lines extending from the center thereof and having an annular bevel, centering means carried by said flangeand having an annular bevel engaging the bevel of the panel, and a panel retaining ring threadedly engaging the marginal flange to urge said bevels into contact and to effect coaxial registry of'the panel having its marginal edge in said recess and having lines extending radially from the c nter thereof and having an annular bevel, centering means carried by said flange and having any annular bevel engaging the bevel of the panel; and

a panel retaining ring'threadedly engaging the marginal flange to urge said bevels into contact to effect registry of the intersecting point of said lines on the panel with .the axis of pendulum. os-

cillation. a

5. An instrument of the character described including, a casing having a closed'back with a marginal flange forming a pendulum and scale,

compartment, a spindle in the compartment having fixed support on said back, a pendulum oscillatably journalled on said spindle, a circular dial carried with the pendulum with the center thereof in registry with the axis of pendulum oscillation, said flange having an inner annular recess in coaxial relation with the axis of pendulum oscillation and forming an annular shoulder, a circular transparent panel having lines extending radially from the center thereof and intersecting point of said lines on the panel with the axis of pendulum oscillation;

including, a casing having a closed back with a marginal flange forming a pendulum and scale compartment, a spindle in the compartment having fixed support on said back, a pair of antifriction bearings fixed on said spindle, a pendulum oscillatably journalled on said bearings, a circular dial carried with the pendulum with the center thereof in registry with the axis of pendulum oscillation and having radial lineson a face thereof, an annular panel seat carried by said marginal flange of the casing having an annular recess in concentric relation with the axis of pendulum oscillation, a circular transparent 4. An instrument of the character described having a bevelled edge, a gasket ring in said recess interposed between the panel and said shoulder, a gasket ring in the recess engaging the opposite side of the panel, one of said rings having a bevelled inner periphery engaging the bevel,

of the panel, and means engaging the marginal flange to secure said rings in sealing contact with the panel and casing to effect registry of the in tersecting point of said lines on the panelwith the axis of pendulum oscillation.

6. An instrument of the character described including, a casing having a closed back with a marginal flange forming a pendulum and scale compartment, a spindle in the compartment having fixed support on said back, a pair of antifrictionpbearings fixed on said spindle, a pen:

dulumjournalled on said bearings, a circular dial i' V carried with the pendulum with the center therei of in registry with the axis of pendulumjoscilla-- tion, said'fiange having an inner annular recess 'in coaxial relation with the axis; of pendulum oscillation and forming'an annular shoulder, a

circular transparent .panel having lines extending radially from the center thereof and having a bevelled edge, a gasket ring in said recess'interposed between the panel and said shoulder, a gasket ring in the recess engaging the opposite side of thepanel, one of said rings'having a bevelled inner periphery engaging the bevel of the panel, and means engaging the marginal flange to secure said rings in sealing contact with the panel and casing to effect registry of the intersecting point of said lines on the panel with the axis of pendulum oscillation.

BENNIE, v. BEAT'I'Y. 

